徐今雅，甘杰

摘要：1994年南非民主政府成立后，出于废除种族隔离的教师教育制度、解决教师教育办学效率低下及供需失衡等问题、顺应国际教师教育大学化潮流等需要，南非通过优化重组和大学化改革对其教师教育机构进行了大规模的改革。通过这场政府强制、路径单一、进程短暂的激进式改革，南非逐步构建了教师教育的公平体系，提升了教师教育的办学层次，提高了教师教育的办学效益，但同时也带来了教师供求失衡、“专业性”传统逐渐式微、机构内部融合困难等负面效应。

关键词：南非；教师教育；教师教育机构；教师教育大学化；机构改革

总结：1. 南非教师教育机构改革的动因：

（1）改变教师教育种族隔离现状的政治诉求；

（2）克服教师教育效率低下病疾的内在要求；

（3）解决教师培养供求失衡问题的客观需求；

（4）顺应教师教育大学化浪潮的时代需要。

2. 南非教师教育机构改革的路径：

（1）教师教育机构的优化重组：独立教育学院的合并与关闭；

（2）教师教育机构的大学化：独立教育学院并入大学。

3. 南非教师教育机构改革取得的成效主要有：

（1）构建了教师教育的公平体系；

（2）提升了教师教育的办学层次；

（3）提高了教师教育的办学效益。

The Institutional Reform of Teacher Education in South Africa: Motivation，Pathway and Effect

Xu Jinya，Gan Jie

Abstract: In 1994,after the South African democratic government was established , in order to abolish the apartheid in teacher education system, resolve the poor efficiency in teacher education institutions , overcome the imbalance between teachers' supply and demand, and meet the international trend of universalization of teacher education, South Africa reformed its teacher education institution system through rationalization restructuring of teacher education colleges and universalization of teacher education. Through the radical reform, South African constructed a more equal system of teacher education, promoted the level of teacher education and improved the efficiency of teacher education. However, South Africa is encountering many issues, such as the new imbalance between teachers' supply and demand, the loss of traditional "professionalism", the difficulty of internal fusion in teacher education institutions and so on.

Keywords: South Africa; teacher education; teacher education institution; universalization of teacher education; institutional reform

出处：《比较教育研究》2013年第11期