This work was supported by two grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No. 39870081，30770141） and a prospective grant from Shanghai Normal University.

Based on collections of plant samples from the herbaria abroad and in China and from field investigation, the molecular experiments of the representative species of the moss genus Ptychomitrium in the world were carried out by means of ISSR，SRR and DNA sequences technology. Combining molecular data with morphological characters, the phylogeny and pattern of geographic distributiaon of the genus Ptychomitrium were analyzed. The valuable results are as follows: 1) Phylogenetic analysis of 44 species of Ptychomitrium support monophyly of the genus Ptychomitrium. the genus can be divided into two monophyletic groups as subg. Ptychomitrium and subg. Brachysteleum. The different characters of the species on Northern and Southern Hemisphere indicate the relationships and variations among different floristic regions. 2) Results of ISSR analysis of 16 populations belonging to 8 species of Chinese Ptychomitrium showed no distinct relations between geological distance and genetic distance; while SSR marks implied high genetic diversity among populations with different distribution in China. 3) The DNA of trnG, trnL, psbT, ITS of 97 samples of 5 genera, 48 species belonging to Ptychomitrium and closely related genera were sequenced. The data analysis preliminarily showed the phylogenetic and geographic characteristics of Ptychomitrlium. 4 ) Study of selection and application of DNA barcodes of bryophytes was carried out for the first time in China. The results showed that five loci of rbcL，rpoC1，rps4，trnH-psbA，trnL-trnF can be potentially useful DNA barcodes for mosses. During research period of 2008 to 2010, the project namely Studies of Chinese Bryophytes received the National Award of Second Class of Nature Science in China.( Cao Tong, second position). Three books and 25 scientific papers including 7 papers in SCI international journals and 17 papers in CSCD domestic journals were published. Two invitation patents were applied and approved.