日本基本公共教育服务均等化研究
摘要：社会的发展，离不开教育。教育公平是社会公平的重要基础。作为教育体系的重要部分，基本公共教育均等发展应该成为教育公平的根本要求。基本公共教育是国家提高全民族素质的基本途径，没有教育的均等发展，就没有社会公平。随着经济的发展，我国已基本实现义务教育的普及，随着一些教育不公平现象的出现，如何实现基本公共教育服务的均等化，成为了教育发展亟待解决的问题。本文以日本基本公共教育服务均等化为切入点，与我国上海在这一方面的不足进行对比，通过文献资料收集的方法进行整理、归纳，用最新的数据来分析，采用比较法、表格、数据等清晰简明的方式来讲解和论述。力求从日本基本公共教育服务均等化的实施历程中，归纳出日本基本公共教育服务均等化得以成功实施的突出特点，提出一些可操作性强的理论原则和方法，旨在借鉴日本之经验，从而给上海基本公共教育服务均等化的实施提供解决策略建议。
文章前半部分对日本基础教育的实施历程、评价体系等方面进行了介绍，从中归纳了日本实施基本公共教育均等化的几个突出特点：日本政府重视教育投资，合理分配投资比例；日本有完善的法律及财政制度作为保障；日本执行统一、规范的教学要求；国家保证各校教育资源的均衡配置的特点都给上海基本公共教育服务均等化的实施提供了强而有力的理论依据。文章后半部分简要介绍了上海在实施基本公共教育服务均等化进程中取得的成绩以及还存在的问题，通过对比与参考日本的经验来寻找改善上海基本公共教育服务均等化实施的有效措施。主要从推进上海市基础教育相关立法工作；健全教育财政投入法制，保证教育投入；构建完善的基础教育均等化的保障机制；构建上海市的公共基本教育均等化的评估体系；重视教师培养，实行“定期教师流动制”。
关键词：日本；基本公共服务；基础教育；均等化
Abstract: Social development can not do without education.The education fair is important foundation of social equity. As major part of education system , basic public education development should be the fundamental requirement of educational equity. It is the way for countries to improve the quality of whole nation, if education has not equally develop, there is no social equity. With economic grow, we has basically realizing the popularity of compulsory education, but the emergence of educational inequity has launched how to achieve the equalization of basic public education services , this phenomena have became the problems to be solved. This paper as Japan education services to compare with Shanghai’s deficiency . Through the literature collected and summarized, with the latest data analysis, by comparison , tables , data clear and concise way to explain and discussed. Strive from Japan basically equal public education services the implement of the course, summed up their characteristics , raised some theoretical principles and methods ,learn from the experience of Japan , provide resolutions and recommendations for Shanghai’s basic public education services .
In the article introduced from Japanese basic education implementation process, evaluation system and other aspects. Summarizes their characteristic just like attached great importance to education investment , a reasonable allocation of investment ratio, and a sound legal financial system as security , Japanese unified implementation ; standard teaching requirements . Their school education resources balanced allocation characteristics give Shanghai basic public educational services even equalization implementation provides a strong theoretical basis. In the latter part of this paper, briefly introduce the implementation of basic public educational services equalization of the achievements and existing problems, through the comparison and reference of Japanese experience to improve Shanghai public education service equalization implementing effective measures. Mainly from the advance of Shanghai basic education legislation; perfect the legal system guarantee of financial education investment and investment in education. Improve the construction of Shanghai city public basic education equalization assessment system, strengthening teachers’ training, implementation of regular system of teachers’ flow.
Key words : Japan ; basic public service ; basic education; equalization
( 沈一岚 2009级教育经济与管理 上海师范大学硕士研究生学位论文)