以PIRLS、TIMSS和PISA为代表的国际大规模教育评估成为当今教育研究趋势，它对世界教育产生重要影响。国际大规模教育评估通过跨国比较研究，帮助每个参与国家与地区发现其教育相对擅长和不足的方面，进而促进其改善与提高，同时为各国教育政策的制定、学校课程、教学改革以及学生的学习提供导向。我国香港参与了PIRLS的每次评估，在第一次评估中表现欠佳，但在第二次和刚刚揭晓的第三次评估中创佳绩，探究其迅速提高的原因是摆在学界和政界以及校长面前的一个重要课题。国际大规模教育评估的政策影响力随之凸显，并成为本研究的对象。

本论文以香港在PIRLS中的表现为例，通过对国内外大量文献展开分析以及我国香港在两届PIRLS评估中的数据展开比较，探讨影响小学生阅读素养的四个层面因素，即学生个体层面、班级层面、学校层面以及社会层面。基于这四个层面的因素分析香港如何在这四个层面上进行改善，进而提高小学生的阅读素养。由此试图探究国际大规模教育评估所带来的教育政策的完善与出台是否会影响学生学业成就。研究发现，国际大规模教育评估有助于弥补教育政策“缺席”与“无能”的现象。而新设与修订的教育政策最终都将化作学校课程并依靠校长领导力来实施，这包括校长的文化领导力、课程领导力以及教师领导力等。教育政策最终依靠校长来实施，而教育政策的出台与实施也将对校长提出更高要求，因此，从另一方面来讲，教育政策的出台与实施也会促进校长领导力的提升。总之，透过其政策影响力，国际大规模教育评估不仅有助于为各教育体系扬长揭短，且有助于促进教育监测机制的完善，最终将推动教育朝着均衡化和公平化发展。

关键词：PIRLS；  阅读素养；   国际大规模教育评估；  教育政策

Abstract：Nowadays, the trend of the world’s education is the International Large-scale Programme Assessment on Education, which is based on PIRLS, TIMSS, PISA and so on. It affects the world’s education deeply. The International Large-scale Assessment on Education helps each of the participating countries and regions check out the educational characteristics by international comparative studies. At the same time the International Large-scale Assessment on Education provides guidance for national educational policy formulation, school curriculums, teaching reform and students’ learning. HongKong participated in each PIRLS, it performances poor during the first assessment. However, it improved quickly in the second and the third assessment. The government of HongKong and many scholars want to know that why the students’ reading literacy improved so much. So, the focus of this thesis is that whether the International Large-scale Assessment on Education can affect education system.

This thesis takes PIRLS of HongKong for example. And it analyses the factors of affecting students reading achievement of primary schools by reading lots of domestic and foreign papers and comparing amount of data, which is based on the result of HongKong’s PIRLS. It includes four factors: individual level, class level, school level and the social level. Then the paper analyses HongKong how to improve it and improve students’ reading scores. To try to explore the International Large-scale Assessment on Education’s policy influence, it find that education policy will turn into school curriculums and it depends on principals’ leadership. Through the International Large-scale Assessment’s policy influence, it find that the International Large-scale Assessment on Education will not noly help each education system checks out its shortcomings, but also helps promote the improvement of educational monitoring mechanism. At last, it will promote education toward the direction of equalization and fair.

Key words: PIRLS； Reading Literacy；  International Large-scale Assessment on Education；   Educational Policy

(余倩  2010级教育经济与管理上海师范大学硕士研究生学位论文)